Landscaping A Framework for Shallow Streams, Cascades & Waterfalls with Liners

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1) Mark out the course of the stream bearing in mind the performance of the pump you intend to use. Estimate 1 of sill per 50-60 gallons to the destined height, and add on the width of the inside facing stone. If using heavy stone ...

2) Dig out the stream making it 8 wider and 4 deeper than is needed. The fall must be at least 1 in 80. Start from the bottom. Finish with a header pond at the top that will help to steady the flow from the pump.

3) Using 4inch concrete blocks and a 3:1 sand/cement mix define the sides of the stream. Follow the contour of the slope if it is gentle. If it becomes steeper step it down (see page 23). The sides must be level with each other.

4) When the cement is dry, backfill behind the blocks with soil.

5) For every 4inch drop, a level line of bricks or a frog of cement must dam the causeway at the same level as the base of the previous row of bricks. Therefore point A is the same level as Aa and B the same level as Bb etc. This makes sure a water level is maintained throughout the stream.

6) Line the stream with sand and underlay over the block work.

Cross section

Bricks damming water

Static water level

Water level when water is flowing

Stream block work

Header pond

The water stays above the rocks or stones in the bottom of the stream obscuring the liner.